descriptive representation pros and cons

The rise of the unelected. Descriptive research designs also offer a unique means of data collection. Weak coalition government:Proportional representation results in a weak and indecisive coalition government since every party wants to act in their best interest or get their own way with things. Wngnerud, L. (2009). 1938). Disadvantages include the technical precision, time and funding resources necessary to create tables and graphs. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. The affirmative action controversy. In our current system, voters are given one vote to . $\endgroup . Bicameral legislature emanates from the concept of representative democracy. The closer assessment of pros and cons will. A vast literature debates the efficacy of descriptive representation in legislatures. In Australia, 'ethnic' generally has been used to refer to immigrants (and their offspring) from non-British origins.3 Regarding the definition of 'migrant', I will apply the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural, Under what conditions are Latinos elected to the Congress and state legislatures? Creating a list that details both sides of the argument makes it easier to visualize the potential impact of your decision. Williams, M. S. (1998). The future of feminism. Mutfak Gnlkleri Sibel'in Mutfa Ana Sayfa; Hakkmda; Bana Ulan; descriptive representation pros and cons. therefore, it is used by various industries While this observation highlights why it is impossible to include every subgroup all the time, it should not distract from the need of including ethnic and regional minorities in processes of decision-making, and certainly not be seen as a licence to exclude large groups of society. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Nimantran Patra In Marathi For Birthday, thanked the writer. From Your Site Articles Because Of Modern Feminism Disney Princess Gender Roles Are . Founding members of the CBC include John Conyers (D-MI), currently the longest-serving member of the House of Representatives, Charles Rangel (D-NY), and Shirley Chisholm, a founder of the NWPC and the first African American woman to be elected to the House of Representatives. October 2004. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Studies of the representation of minority interests in the era following the enactment This article will briefly describe each of these methods, their advantages, and their drawbacks. Mink had been interested in fighting discrimination in education since her youth, when she opposed racial segregation in campus housing while a student at the University of Nebraska. They chant Christopher Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492 and harmoniously sing patriotic songs such as The Star Spangled Banner while being utterly oblivious of Americas corrupt political system. It is widely used in Europe and has both advantages and disadvantages. It helps by saving time and money while collecting data. New York: Verso. Discrimination has not fallen short in any way and continues to build barriers for many people of color. New York: Free Press. Aldershot: Ashgate. The article concludes with a discussion on the important avenues for future research as the level of diversity in Congress increases and more women and minorities enter the ranks of committee and party leadership. Gain seats easily: A party that receives a high enough percentage of votes has a seat in . Martin-Woolman Ltd. Home; History; Services. Evidence from Romania. In B. Grofman et al. A major reason is that until well into the twentieth century, white men of European background constituted an overwhelming majority of the voting population. Institutionalizing intersectionality. 2. For discussions of gender quotas in corporate boards, see, for example, Engelstad and Teigen (2012). These are part of business analytics, which extract value from your business data. The actual empirical variation and the detailed characteristics of state feminism around the globe are different matters and not the topic of this chapter. The extent to which a representative resembles those being represented. What Are the Advantages of Qualitative Research? Bone conduction headphones have many pros, including no ear wax build-up or infections, and they can be helpful for people with tinnitus. Descriptive statistics describe a sample. The debate about descriptive vs inferential statistics takes away from crafting a more holistic approach. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative research. In the achievement of this endeavour, first, I have examined the legislative initiatives of the NP in the period January 2012 - June . Comparative Analysis: Information can be compared in terms of graphical representation. 8. The 116th Congress has been the most racially and ethnically diverse in U.S. history, with 56 Black members, 43 Hispanic members, 17 Asian members, and four Native American members. At one time, there was relatively little concern about descriptive representation in Congress. Cons. In the end, there is however a set of remaining pro arguments suggesting that descriptive representation produces some exclusive benefits. The point of this chapter is neither to define the threshold level of effective state feminism nor to argue that state feminism actually delivers better than descriptive representation. The descriptive evaluation is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information using different tools 2. Should blacks represent blacks and women represent women? Oxford: Oxford University Press. Krizsan, A., Skjeie, H., & Squires, J. Representation: It ensures all the interests and views of the public are represented in the government. The 113th Congress, has twenty-eight Hispanic U.S. 38 E Locust St, Mechanicsburg, Pa, Following successful sign in, you will be returned to Oxford Academic. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. Gutmann, A., & Thompson, D. (1996). These are issues that have left minorities feeling as though they are belittled and not treated as fairly as the majority in our society. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Today, EMILYs List, a PAC founded in 1985 to help elect pro-choice Democratic women to office, plays a major role in fundraising for female candidates. Marion Maddox, Kais Al-momani, Niki N. N. Dados, Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe, Leda Sutlovic, Toma Deelan, Danica Fink-Hafner, Jasminka Pesut, Centre for Peace and Social Justice Papers, The Institutional and Demographic Determinants of Latino Representation in State Legislatures, Legislative Oversight and the Substantive Representation of Black and Latino Interests in Congress, Women's Legislative Representation and Gender Equality: What Works in the Absence of a'Critical Mass', Quota Laws, Representation of Women and the Role of Civil Society Organizations, The Social and Political Forces Shaping Legislator-Constituent Relations: Expanding an Empirical Theory of Representation, Political Participation of Muslims in Australia, Citizen Panels and the Concept of Representation. Minorities have endured many forms of social injustices. The closer assessment of pros and cons will however vary with normative position and more specifically with which conceptions of democracy and equality one subscribes to. There are many different types of data presentation. The pros and cons of descriptive research analysis. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. CrossRef This however has created an increase in of social anxiety among some people in American. This may help you better understand research findings, whether reported in the mainstream 625 Words 3 Pages Decent Essays Descriptive statistics is a form of analysis that helps you by describing, summarizing, or showing data in a meaningful way. While qualitative research may be hard to argue against because it involves numbers and tests, questions of the researchers motive and method often arise. References. Four of those types include tables, bar graphs, line graphs and pie charts. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Organizing and providing relevant educational content, resources and information for students. Second, this same information reveals to us when somebody is strange, or something improper is going on. Additionally, how much does the ethnic composition of a district affect the chances that a Latino candidate will be elected in a given district? Social representation. History shows how minorities within America have been marginalized. Register or login to make commenting easier. One of the benefits of descriptive representation is that the MEM representatives ethnicity and certain ethnic features of that representatives ethnicity can make MEM voters feel empowered.7 Such features can include physical appearance like skin colour and hair type. Part of Springer Nature. Pennock, J. R. (1979). 7. The Pros And Cons Of Labor. On the relationship between gender democracy and gender equality in the EU. Explaining Ethnic Minority Preferences in Bulgarian Elections, Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests, Politics at the Intersection: A Cross-National Analysis of Minority Women's Legislative Representation, Electoral Systems and Citizen-Elite Ideological Congruence, Womens Representation via Parliamentary Questions (with Sven Schiltz), Regendering party politics: An introduction, Religious Identity and Descriptive Representation, THE STATE OF DEMOCRACY AND REPRESENTATION IN AUSTRALIA, Voting Locally Abstaining Nationally: Descriptive Representation, Substantive Representation and Minority Voters Turnout, Activating Human Rights and Peace: Universal Responsibility Conference 2008 Conference Proceedings, Personal Attributes and Latino Voting Behavior in Congress, Between Science and Engineering: Reflections on the APSA Presidential Task Force on Political Science, Electoral Rules, and Democratic Governance. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. Tests: The Cognitive Impact of Descriptive Representation. Equal opportunity and equal social outcome. Ethnic Heterogeneity Ethnic Heterogeneity also known as ethnic diversity is another variable associated with social disorganization theory that I consider to be one of the. While women and minorities remain underrepresented in Congress, some individual legislators have achieved seniority and enough political clout necessary to move into leadership positions. There are many time restrictions that are placed on research methods. Goodin, R. 2004. Your email address will not be published. One of the critical factors in understanding why a few blocks are preferable at controlling wrongdoing over others needs to do with open communities connections among individuals in the area. In S. Besson & J. L. Mart (Eds. Young, I. M. (1990). Morone, J. ), Deliberative systems: Deliberative democracy at the large scale. Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institutions website and Oxford Academic. Wagle Estate, Thane-400604, Maharashtra, India. Rational deliberation among experts and citizens. Ironic to think that is how one is taught to act but stereotypes are now bigger than ever right? This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. Source publication Pros, Cons, and Changing Behavior: An. Among them is Nancy Pelosi who became the Speaker of the House in the Eleventh Congress and James Clyburn, an African-American who served as Majority Whip. It doesn't answer the question "why", which makes it limited and won't come up with the cause and effect of a research topic. You can get a decent soundbar at $200-300. The theory of the politics of presence (Phillips 1995) provides reasons for expecting a link between descriptive and substantive representation. In Atlanta, there are many places to go and sights to see such as: Cola-cola factory, Cabbage Patch Kids Factory, Under Ground Mall, the Zoo, Atlanta Braves Stadium, Six Flags Over Georgia, Stone Mountain Park, and the Atlanta Aquarium, are all in or near the city of Atlanta. Race has been a long-standing and stubborn dividing line in local, state, and national politics in the United States (Rogers 6). Princeton: Princeton University Press. that is one example, One of their most vital discoveries was that distinction in wrongdoing rates crosswise over territories did not change with changes in the populace yet remained steady crosswise over time. Of course, descriptive representation is not logically necessary to promote minority interests. Should Congress Look Like America? Rita Williams Garcia Net Worth, Qualitative research, such as surveys and interviews, make information relatable to the reader. Proportional representation is a complicated form of election. Easy to set up, doesn't require extra space. Sociologist. Women-centred and intersectional state feminism, state feminism inside and outside a welfare state context, and state feminism more and less democratized are compared, and it is argued that from the cost side, descriptive representation is more recommendable in a democratized, intersectional state feminist regime than in a women-centred technocratic one, whereas the effects of the welfare state variable on descriptive representation costs are more mixed. 4. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip-tive representation most useful. Minorities can be said to place themselves at a disadvantage because of their vulnerability and stubborn inability to, The fact that the social disorganization theory is pretty much you will that one one individual is influence of the people around him if he is in a neighbor hood known of robberies then the individual is more than likely going to be doing robberies. The pros: Its the best way to collect data without bias. Despite of this diversity the American communities have been marginalized since forever. The advantages of using tables and graphs to organize data include easy visualization of statistics, poignant descriptions of data, the provision of a summary of the overall work and the interest people show to graphics over words, according to Texas A&M University. In J. Klausen & C. Maier (Eds. The family has visited numerous places throughout the United States, however, none are as memorable as Atlanta, Georgia. However, what good representation should be is debated. \(\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} \). Get full access to this article. Ultimately, whether or not bone conduction headphones are . PR may encourage turn-out and reduce apathy. New York: Oxford University Press. Nevertheless in a country where nearly 50% of Americans under 18 are minorities, the future looks quite hopeful for real change. (1996). This could mean different agents from the same brokerage or even the same agent represents multiple clients. The descriptive representation of gender: An anti-essentialist argument. With descriptive representation, decision makers will be more diverse and may therefore be more likely to listen to the input of more diverse citizens, to give and receive from them the kind of information that is relevant to their concerns, and to respond to their expressed needs (Broockman, 2013). This is the conceptual view of the end product, whatever the owner can think about relative to its use. Horizontal Communication This photo shows the founding members of the Congressional Black Caucus, which at the time of its founding in 1971 had only thirteen members. Namely, the institutional design of the state legislature matters in terms of electoral responsiveness, with Florida and New Mexico the most responsive, and New York and the U.S. House the least responsive to the election of Latino legislators. Instead, proper representation for some is rooted in the racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, and sexual identity of the representatives themselves. Your browser seems to have Javascript disabled. Prescriptive analytics offers decision support for the best course of action to get desired results. Perhaps youve even made it yourself. Pros & Cons of Descriptive Research Varied. Liza Hollis has been writing for print and online publications since 2003. You do not currently have access to this chapter. (2001). However, they no longer go gentle into that goodnight. This advantage makes it possible to determine if outcomes are viable. Cornell, D. (1998). Profiles: Google Scholar, Dataverse, OSF, R-Forge, Mastodon, YouTube, Libra.unine.ch, (Figshare), (SSRN), (Kudos). Both descriptive and inferential statistics help make sense out of row after row of data! Descriptivists allow for change and are willing to forgo some rules to fit current norms. Fleurbaey, M. (1995). The research can utilize methods such as surveys, observation, field experiments, interviews and number analysis. Swain, C. M. (1993). Descriptive representation is a representation in which representatives have similar backgrounds to the people they represent. Pages 491-507. Justice and the politics of difference. Equal outcomes on an individual level would have implied that each and every individual got the same bundle of goods and burdens in question. The changing nature of European equality regimes. When nondescriptive representatives have, for various reasons, greater SDLC models might have a different approach but the basic phases and activity remain the same for all the models. While descriptive statistics describe data, inferential statistics allows you to make predictions from data. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. It occurs when two or more parties are represented by the same real estate brokerage. The Effects of Descriptive Representation on Interpersonal Relations. From class actions to Miss Saigon. It is also known as the linear sequential model. Representing consumer institutions: The case of American health planning. The expansion of minority and female representation still continues at a slow pace. List of Pros of Bicameral Legislature. These descriptive The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Comparing two schools within two separate districts instead of simply two schools in the city will add an additional layer of depth to this analysis, in that differences in the districts particular policies can be examined as to whether or not they contribute to the findings. The descriptive characteristics of a representative can lull voters into thinking their substantive interests are being represented even when this is not the case. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. Habermas, J. . If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways: Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. Oxford: Oxford University Press. It is tough to validate an accurate and complete representation of a study. Conclusion. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? However, in substantive representation, it is not necessary for the representative to have a similar background or shared characteristics with the people he represents. At extended last, mindful neighbors will probably concur upon common issues and cooperate to explain, As we look at social disorganization theory we knew that they were using spatial maps to look at the locations of juveniles. When on the society site, please use the credentials provided by that society. Traveling is one of my familys favorite things to do. In Y. Galligan (Ed. 9. (2014). 2. Government American Congress Congressional Representation. A., & Marmor, T. R. (1981). in or register, 3. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. Patsy Mink (a), a Japanese American from Hawaii, was the first Asian American woman elected to the House of Representatives. A political-philosophical exchange. "Share icon", Quan Do, The Noun Project. As countries become more and more divers, they are looking for better understanding on descriptive representation and the driving force in regards to the minorities within their nation state. My examination of hearing transcripts from the 107th Congress indicates that minority legislators are more likely than white legislators to participate in racial-oversight hearings but not more likely than whites to participate in social welfare hearings. MMP will give voters more power in their decisions as well as create the kind of democratic government Canada is in dire need of. Subject materials can be evaluated with greater detail. Bacchi, C. (1999). Given Australia's ethnic diversity, it is agreed by most political and sociological scholars that such diversity is lacking in Australian legislative bodies.1 A point of contention lies in whether MEM representatives are able to actually implement legislation that will represent the views of minorities in their electorate (substantive representation) or whether the number of MEM representatives in legislative bodies is sufficient for representation (descriptive representation).2 In this essay, after discussing the benefits and limitations of descriptive and substantive representation, I will argue that both theories are linked because elected minority representatives are often best equipped at dealing with the issues of minorities and that MEM representatives have a positive impact on voters. Peter, F. (2011). / Home; / About; descriptive representation pros and cons Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others.

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