You might wish to consider how IT managers and creators mold our acquisition of knowledge by how they portray information as knowledge and how our language is being formed and manipulated by what is considered knowledge through this technology of the helmsmen. The output that is looked for has already been pre-determined prior to the making or creation. Skills are know how, what the Greeks calledtechne. Listen closely to your conversations among yourselves. What is the knowledge the lack of which is an indication of our madness? Certainly, any sane person will see the improvements in various technes or arts and crafts as improvements in knowledge. It is what you are doing in your Exhibition which we can say is an event. Here in Bali, the gods choose to show themselves more favourably so that a Balinese person would have no trouble concurring with the ancient Greek Heraclitus that everything is full of gods. What does this mean?What you are attempting to do is to render completeness to the reasons that you are giving for those objects/images that you have chosen. Can new knowledge change established. When we speak of bias we usually mean that it is the particular leaning one may have in order to bring about a pre-determined outcome, the production or bringing forth of which is determined to be a good end. The development of the media from the Gutenberg press to modern social apps and the consequences of these developments is certainly a topic or theme that can be addressed here. 19. it is the point of something, the purpose or end goal of something from which we can add up the parts to make a whole. What role do experts play in influencing our consumption or acquisition of knowledge? His speech is sophistry. This evidence or explanation will find its grounds in the principle of sufficient reason. Technology istheoretical;the practical applications, its instrumentality, is secondary to this primary theoretical viewing. 23. Calculus arises from the need to be secure about what some thing is; it is a counting on something. While this is not so much an issue for high school students, it will become very much an issue as they proceed in their education. What makes the being of objects possible is Reason itself. The principle to render sufficient reasons becomes the unconditional demand to render mathematically technically computable grounds for all that is: total rationalization. What constraints are there on the pursuit of knowledge? This reign of the object as material thing, as the genuine substructure of all things, reaches into the area that we call the spiritual; into the sphere of the meaning and significance of language, of history, of the work of art, and all of the areas of knowledge of TOK. HOW WHY WHEn tOK Exhibition By Hennd IA Prompt: Can New Knowledge change established values or beliefs? to determine what our tastes should be in our various forms of entertainment. A good explanation, like good evidence, provides reasons for the answers to the questions whence, why and how. They may sometimes be understood as inner states, activities and processes that we are aware of or live through, but do not usually make objects of introspection or reflection. The soul, when properly ordered, is given to us by Socrates in his prayer to Pan at the end of the dialogue Phaedrus: O dear Pan and all you gods here, grant it to me to become beautiful, to come into the correct condition in relation to what is in myself, what comes from inside, and grant that whatever I possess on the outside may be a friend to what is inner, and grant that I repute as rich the one who is wise, and grant that to me the amount of gold I possess in this world will have as much value for me and that I will claim for it only as much value as a man of understanding should claim.Socrates prayer is that his soul will become beautiful, and this means having its proper relation to the things themselves and for their correct limits; nothing in excess. It is the final statement, nothing is without reason, that must be understood here. It is the object that determines the kind of knowledge that is most appropriate to it i.e. What is objectivity? Knowledge as truth indicates that some thing has been brought to light, has been revealed and this we consider a fact; but it is only a fact within the theoretical viewing or system that has brought it to light as such. a cause-effect relation. The TOK exhibition. The knowledge of physics, chemistry, electronics, etc. Our interpretations of things may be complex requiring very specialized language from various areas of knowledge or it may be simple and be provided by what we might call sound common sense. How is the principle of reason a rendered reason? One can experience fear, for example, by feeling it or by witnessing it. These regularities determine in advance what counts as objective. In asking the question why do we seek knowledge, we are asking what is the reason that our being is grounded in the principle of reason. True education is the leading out and a liberation towards seeing revealed truth. How can we judge when evidence is adequate? veers round into a quality of its own and then it becomes incalculable (Heidegger). This prompt asks you to inquire whether objectivity is possible given its assertion of the negative as to whether or not bias is inevitable (See prompt #28). Just as Artificial Intelligence machines arrive at their conclusions that are held in their programming (producing a haiku, for example), you too will also produce an outcome based on your chosen prompt in the manner of how you will examine your three images or objects; and like an Artificial Intelligence machine (to use a metaphor), you will produce a pre-programmed response though you may not be consciously aware of this. Adequate is a synonym for sufficient, so evidence is considered adequate when sufficient reasons are provided for the judgements that are made; and when these are provided, they are considered good evidence. Arkadiusz Wargacki People tend to recognize their knowledge as the only correct image of reality surrounding them, as something indisputable and unchangeable. One might view the current war on terrorism in this light and a fruitful Exhibition can result from determining how this may be the case. That we have areas of knowledge is a recognition of the need for specialization in our studies since so much information and knowledge has been amassed in these areas through our pursuit of knowledge. Belief {Gk. From Platos dialectic or that conversation that is conducted among friends, we have inductive and deductive logic, from diaeresisanddianoia,the separation and the bringing together. Ancient and medieval human beings were not subjects: The worlds becoming a picture is one and the same process as mans becoming a subjectum among beings. The mystery of the principle of reason is what has come to define human beings as the animal rationale. The being of beings is sought and found in the representedness of beings that arises through the principle of reason or ratiocination and the account of beings given therein. image/object #1 is like or as image/object #2, and so on. There are few who would claim to have knowledge of what is going on in modern arts circles is another example. This is known as the correspondence theory of truth. The principle of reason founds all principles as principles. Subjectivity does not mean subjectivism but is rather the dwelling of the claim of the principle of reason which has as its consequences the Information Age and the Age of Artificial Intelligence in which the particularity, separation and validity of the individual disappears in favour of total uniformity. If a thing cannot be named, it cannot be given over to others. Such a rendering needs a place where the account can be given and rendered. Thus we resigned ourselves to the new situation the moment we could make dependable predictions. Logosis an assertion about something and an addressing of some thing as some thing. Ignorance is rooted in unfamiliarity, not having seen something or other yet appearing to oneself and to others as if one did know it. What role does imagination play in producing knowledge about the world? is. The Greeks understood technology as the theoretical knowledge that makes the practical applications possible. These cabals of knowers have power within their respective communities, so much so that some proponents of these world-pictures have become placed as the new priesthood in the communities where these world pictures thrive. The doing and making of technology, what we understand as instrumentality, is secondary to how technology determines what a being or thing is in the first place. Since we are beings in bodies and we are in being-in-the-world, when we act, our actions are thoroughly situated in a context that includes the sort of person that we are (our constitution), the circumstances in which we find ourselves, the events that led up to our actions, and the events that will follow from whatever we do. Representational thinking, the thinking in images and ideas, the representedness, belongs to the objectness of objects. I have written at greater length about values, knowledge and truth in other sections of this blog and you can explore those writings should you choose to do so. For knowledge to be accumulated and disseminated there must be both a communicator of the knowledge and an audience of hearers. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects. This object is included in this exhibition because it shows how credible an article can become based on an individual's beliefs or values. Experiment and experience were once contrasted with the medieval practice of examining authorities and previous opinions. We cannot count on them because they are not grounded and the principle of sufficient reason supplies the grounds. let alone the things of nature, are not truly mirrors in which we behold only ourselves (Heidegger). What we have called objectivity in this writing is a legacy from the German philosopher Kant and his transcendental method and how this thinking was interpreted by the English-speaking empiricists. Notice the relation to prompt #1 and prompt #3: usefulness is that knowledge which may be counted on and relied on and, thus, may be found in our mathematical physics, etc. The disclosure of things is prior to our human judgmental truth. Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? This is what you are attempting to do in your Exhibition. the permanent, unchanging things in contrast to the things that change. This representational thinking, or visual thinking, determines howthe object stands i.e. What this means is that something is, something can only be identified as a being/thing, only if it is stated in a sentence that satisfies the fundamental principle of reason as its founding i.e.. it is the fundamental principle of all that is, including statements made to others. To what extent is certainty attainable? The main problem that you will be faced with in this prompt is that it is so broad that a focus is required, and you can begin to do so by looking at how values and beliefs changed in any number of areas of knowledge. it is public. Can New Knowledge Change Establish Values or Beliefs - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. In hindsight, we might say that the research into the making of atomic weaponry should not have been undertaken given the outcomes of their capabilities. This prompt is very similar in nature to prompt #19 i.e. The choices made by parents and students indicate what we consider to be knowledge of value. If it is not, it is subjective. What counts in a project is more like a decision than a discovery; it cannot be correct or incorrect: correctness, and criteria for it, only apply within the light shed by the project i.e. Adherents of the same world-picture may hold different world-views and enter into conflict employing the weapons supplied by their common world-picture. Herein arises the role of algebraic calculation: everything counts as existing when and only when it has been securely established as a calculable object for cognition. After the mind has done so, the rendering of sufficient reasons is what counts as good evidence and a good explanation, and provides the justification for the knowledge claim made about the thing. Whether they are the ulemasof Muslim societies or the talking heads of the think-tanks of technological societies, it is the experts who determine how truth has been interpreted and how it should be applied to human actions within communities. This type of speaking in under great threat in todays world. Darwin and Nietzsche: Part V: The World as Life and Becoming: Darwin and Nietzsche: Part VI: What is Practical Need? when so much then so much. I have written extensively on this topic of personal knowledge on this blog site and recommend that you view the following links to find possible approaches in narrowing your focus on this broad topic: CT 1 Knowledge and the Knower: Empowerment; CT 1: Introduction to Theory of Knowledge: Knowledge and the Knower; CT 1: Self-Knowledge and Ethics. For a thing to be in the first place, reason must supply its being and the thing must give itself back to the inquiring subject as being able to be known through calculation and measurement i.e. Information only informs when the data which comprises it is placed within a system (the form) that allows it to in-form. Technology is our understanding of what it means to be, the way we understand what it takes for something, anything, to be. Sophists are the norm in todays societies; and because they are the norm, they should be treated with scepticism. What this question is asking is can the knowledge that we learned changed beliefs or values that we were taught by our guardians since we were born in other words, the knowledge that we grew up on. The Natural Sciences as an Area of Knowledge: We might begin a response to this prompt by saying that if there are things then they are knowable by the very fact of their being a thing. atoms or historical figures, varies with our prior conception of their being. According to Wikipedia, a good explanation is a set of statements usually constructed to describe a set of interpreted facts which clarifies the causes, context, and consequences of those interpreted facts. This description of the facts etc. Experiment in this sense is quite different from experience: science becomes rational-mathematical, i.e. View all posts by theoryofknowledgeanalternativeapproach. We find such certainty and surety in the knowledge that results from mathematical calculation; that is, mathematical calculation is a predication of the subject knowledge i.e. Knowledge and politics Press to see Commentary 1 -The caste system caused a division between Indians. Various communities of knowers establish world-pictures in which only those in the know are able to participate. While the responsibility for the work of art belongs to the artist herself, the art that provided the prompt to bring forth the work was certainly not her own although we believe that the creativity and imagination that are inherent in the work are the artists responsibility. Obviously, the societies of which we are members determine what knowledge is and what types of knowledge will be considered valuable. 11. ), while a world-view can be either pre-scientific or scientific. Just as the essence of technology is not itself technological, so the essence of calculation and the calculable is not accessible to calculation. We as human beings define ourselves as the animal rationale, that animal that is capable of reason or the animal that is capable of ratio or of counting, the animal capable of language. It has the connotations of to live, or to live through. This revealing or bringing out from concealment of what has been buried is the correctness of our representations or what we have come to call the correspondence theory of truth. This gathering and laying is a reciprocal relationship, a two-fold back and forth relationship involving both you as knower and the things that you know, the images or objects you have chosen. Modern science experiences the demand to render sufficient reasons as a crisis currently. This is really what the writings of this entire blog are about; and this is where thought begins, not where it is finished. How is current knowledge shaped by its historical development? It determines the possibilities and the potentialities of the things as disposable in some fashion for human ends. Is there such a thing or mode of being as objectivity? Inquiries regarding such beliefs are what are called second order questions. It could be said, in contrast to Heisenberg, that even high-tech disposable things. Correctness as consistency means that a statement is deduced from another statement in accordance with the rules of reasoning. Modern technology employs modern science. how reality is conceived. (See particularly the comments by Heisenberg in the blogs on The Natural Sciences.). Our methodological approach has been determined prior to our access to the thing which determines what the being of the thing is in the first place. Are some types of knowledge less open to interpretation than others? The obvious answer to the question of this prompt is "yes", so in your Exhibition you will demonstrate what that knowledge is and how that knowledge changed our values and/or beliefs, presumably with regard to what was considered "knowledge" prior . Such possession implies having a power over, a control over, a relation to some thing or some one, and therefore a responsibility for the knowledge, the thing, the person that one is related to that one has some kind of possession of. 194. Current research into AI, artificial intelligence, is being questioned because so much of it is occurring beyond good and evil or beyond ethical considerations. This calculus or reckoning is not only present in mathematics; it is the foundation or ground of the utilitarian principles of ethics. Thus the issue between competing scientific theories cannot always be settled by experience: One cannot say that Galileos doctrine of the free fall of bodies is true and that of Aristotle, who holds that light bodies strive upwards, is false; for the Greek conception of the essence of body, of place and of their relationship depends on a different interpretation of beings and therefore engenders a different way of seeing and examining natural processes. This choice of images or objects is your own, but the truth and knowledge in the representational thinking regarding their relation to each other will not be of your doing or making. There may be some dispute over the language used to communicate these conclusions, but this is avoided when the language used is mathematical calculus. isabellas brunch menu . Your discussion requires that you use representational thinking (thinking in images) and inductive reasoning to move from the particular images or objects you have chosen, establish their relation to one another through analogy or metaphor, and then proceed to the general principles and key concepts contained in the prompt that you have chosen to demonstrate your knowledge of those principles and concepts. The comment should also justify the inclusion of the object in the exhibition and explain its links to the IA prompt (i.e. For example, if we want our automobiles to perform at optimum efficiency, we are obliged, we owe it to the automobiles to maintain them properly. What is a sufficient reason? Dianoiais that thinking which brings separate things together and allows those things to be seen as units, ones or monads. Plato and Aristotle called these expertssophists. It can only be eliminated through the mode of speaking with one another and to one another. Affects, passions and feelings (the manner in which we conceive of emotion) are not to be seen as inner experiences: what we are concerned with here is not psychology, not even a psychology underpinned by physiology and biology, but . 12. values or beliefs? 26. The doing of unethical or unlawful actions will become de riguer as they take their place within the worlds corporations. The demands of the principle of rendering sufficient reasons creates the lack of clarity and confusion in our actions, our ethics. This is a challenging task and I've created a blog post explaining how you to get all of the marks on these here ). Is Galileos view an improvement on Aristotles view of nature is, of course, another question entirely and one which you may explore in your Exhibition. 21. All translation is an interpretation. Prompt: Can new knowledge change established values or beliefs? However, it does not supply a sufficient reason for the shops being closed. If one accepts the premises, one must also accept the conclusions that are drawn from them. I dont understand the link. So, in effect, this means: pre-will is in one state/condition and post-will is in an altered state/condition. Perhaps the greatest challenge you will face is that the total word count for this document is 950 words (excluding references). A good-looking and whimsical maid from Thrace laughed at him and told him that while he might passionately want to know all things in the universe, the things in front of his very nose and feet were unseen by him. Plato adds, This jest also fits all those who become involved in philosophy. When the reason for the connection of the representations has been directed back to the I, what is represented first comes to a stand such that it is securely established as an object for the representing subject. 24. It was the Greek fundamental experience of the being of beings which underlay, and gave rise to, both the subject-predicate form of their language (and, thus, our English language) and their conception of a thing as a subject (subjectum) with accidents (qualities, what we experience of the thing through sensory perception). Without such reckoning up (algorithms, for example) our computers and hand phones would be quite useless because they could not have come into existence. Take a closer look at the IB curriculum that you are studying. Should some knowledge not be sought on ethical grounds? the soul that is not prepared for it and does not possess genuine education. The choice of the prompt is crucial for the outcome or product that you will produce or bring forth and hold forth upon. Thus in pro-jecting, what counts as knowledge is that human being always projects itself on its possibilities, though the range of possibilities varies with the thing chosen. The bias in the production of knowledge will be determined by the ends that have been chosen which will, in turn, determine the methods in which those ends will be achieved, usually unethical ones. The projecting of analogies or models is part of the erecting of a framework from which you will demonstrate how you have viewed the objects/images present and show them in a new light (possibly) to others. Ignorance is bad because it inhibits human beings from their true Being which is to reveal truth. You may be asked or demanded to provide an explanation for why an essay or project which you were required to do is late. 20. Objects are shorn of their essences and regarded as mere individuals (or ones/units) conforming to mathematical regularities. Also, the concept of added value in economics etc. We can look at our recovery from various illnesses to see improvements in health care and in the treatment of various diseases. These are subsets of the political in its essence. For Christians, the name of God is holy, sacred, and He is not to be named because to do so would turn Him into a thing. Our tragic literature and our art, generally, demonstrate that there might not be as great a separation between theory and practice as we have been led to believe. Representation is to present some thing, to make something present to humans. Since this is its concern, it is subject to interpretation. In this search, we tend to look for things or at possible things which are far away from us rather than at those things that are nearest to us. There is no Greek world-picture: human beings are at the beck and call of Being. Thank you sm for this post!!! You used can in your questi. The IB is one such community. This is done in the modern physical sciences. It is concerned with the propernaming of the things. The experience, the experiment upon which the claim is based must be replicable and the results proven by others.This is what, in fact, you are attempting to do in your Exhibition in that you are attempting to sufficiently ground your choices for the images/objects you have chosen and how they will demonstrate the key concepts inherent in the prompt you have chosen. A central feature of tragic literature in the West is that it gives us a view of the implications of what results when knowledge is lacking, particularly self-knowledge. That is, the thing must give itself back to us as an object prior to our investigation of it. A discussion of the various types of knowledge is given here: https://wordpress.com/block-editor/post/mytok.blog/3676. I have a hard time distinguishing between added value and branding when I attempt to understand the concept myself. Modern science is applied technology, not technology as applied science. This prompt and topic is dealt with at greater length in the following links:CT 1: Perspectives (WOKs). Such a definition is correct to a point. Even provisionally, we cannot say more than that in the field of modern atomic physics we have resigned ourselves, and we have done so because our representations are dependable. (Werner Heisenberg, The Picture of Nature in Contemporary Physics) The Natural Sciences as an Area of Knowledge. Experience can also mean to go, travel, etc., literally to go forth, and this understanding has a more external quality. There are many examples from the medical professions. can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects Isgho Votre ducation notre priorit In establishing the framework for what can be considered knowledge in our age, axioms or archai, principles, rules, laws, etc. They are the predications of the subject that we call knowledge. Aleksandra Sachajko Confederate battle flag Since 1861 the Confederate flag has been a symbol of the American white supremacy, which is a belief that the white race is pure and superior to other races. It is the authority of the principle of reason which characterizes the modern age as technological or as the Information Age. It may be useful to you to determine which prompts belong to the same sub-group in terms of their main theme. did not belong to Mr. Gates but came from outside of him. How does this statement relate to why human beings seek knowledge? The truth of what is past or historical must be disinterred and become claimed as current knowledge. World-picture, like the concept of culture, is distinctively modern. For example, the statement: Mathematical knowledge is certain is a second-order knowledge claim because it is about mathematical knowledge, and the tools that are suggested by this prompt will usually be related to the knowledge that is produced mathematically. For the German philosopher Leibniz, a truth is a verifiable proposition, a correct judgement.
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can new knowledge change established values or beliefs objects