the battle of the coral sea in 1942 quizlet

The B-17s actually saw the same thing as Nielsen: Shh, Got's cruisers, plus the Port Moresby Invasion Force. Japanese carrier aircraft numbers by ship: The B-17s were from the 40th Reconnaissance Squadron. The aircraft carrier Yorktown's Bombing Squadron Five (SBD-3 Dauntless scout bombers) spotted forward on the flight deck during operations in the Coral Sea, April 1942. [23], Got's force left Truk on 28 April, cut through the Solomons between Bougainville and Choiseul and took station near New Georgia Island. Although the withdrawal of Yorktown from the Coral Sea conceded the field, the Japanese were forced to abandon the operation that had initiated the Battle of the Coral Sea in the first place. [17], During late April, the Japanese submarines Ro-33 and Ro-34 reconnoitered the area where landings were planned. by . USS Wolverine (IX-64) USS Wolverine (IX-64), August 1943. 8 May 1942. Takagi received the report at 10:50. In launching this war, Japanese leaders sought to neutralize the U.S. fleet, seize territory rich in natural resources, and obtain strategic military bases to defend their far-flung empire. To prevent this from occurring, the U.S. chose Tulagi and nearby Guadalcanal as the target of their first offensive. Two of the dive bombers were shot down by a CAP Wildcat during the attack. Believing that he faced overwhelming Japanese carrier superiority, Fletcher elected to withdraw TF17 from the battle. 300x-52), a description of-- (1) the purposes for which the grant funds received by the State under such subsection. [8], Shortly after the war began, Japan's Naval General Staff recommended an invasion of Northern Australia to prevent Australia from being used as a base to threaten Japan's perimeter defences in the South Pacific. [87], At 22:00 on 8 May, Yamamoto ordered Inoue to turn his forces around, destroy the remaining Allied warships, and complete the invasion of Port Moresby. The submarine took no damage and apparently did not realize that it had been attacked by carrier aircraft. At 07:45, the scout confirmed that it had located "one carrier, one cruiser, and three destroyers". After the refueling was completed on 6 May, he planned to take his forces north towards the Louisiades and do battle on 7 May. [93] The Japanese public was informed of the victory with overstatement of the U.S. losses and understatement of their own. [67], At 06:15 on 8 May, from a position 100nmi (120mi; 190km) east of Rossel Island (1025S 1545E / 10.417S 154.083E / -10.417; 154.083), Hara launched seven torpedo bombers to search the area bearing 140230, out to 250nmi (290mi; 460km) from the Japanese carriers. American carrier attacks and sinks Japanese carrier (Shoho) During the Battle of Coral Sea, what happened on May 8th, 1942? The two carriers were protected by 16 CAP Zero fighters. [35], In the meantime, Takagi's carrier force steamed down the east side of the Solomons throughout the day on 5 May, turned west to pass south of San Cristobal (Makira), and entered the Coral Sea after transiting between Guadalcanal and Rennell Island in the early morning hours of 6 May. Coral Sea started a trend which resulted in the irreparable attrition of Japan's veteran carrier aircrews by the end of October 1942. Why did the Japanese want to take Port Morseby. [40], At 18:00, TF17 completed fueling and Fletcher detached Neosho with a destroyer, Sims, to take station further south at a prearranged rendezvous (16S 158E / 16S 158E / -16; 158). At 01:00 on 10 May, hearing no further reports of Japanese ships advancing towards Port Moresby, Crace turned towards Australia and arrived at Cid Harbor, 130nmi (150mi; 240km) south of Townsville, on 11 May. Similarly, Why was the US victory at the Battle of Guadalcanal so important? Members of the Submarine Base at Pearl Harbor, T.H. On June 4, 1942, the Battle of Midway, fought between American and Japanese fleets in the Pacific Ocean, began. On 14 May, Nimitz, having obtained intelligence concerning the Combined Fleet's upcoming operation against Midway, ordered Halsey to make sure that Japanese scout aircraft sighted his ships the next day, after which he was to return to Pearl Harbor immediately. The U.S. lost one torpedo bomber and two fighters in the strikes, but all of the aircrew were eventually rescued. Phelps and the other assisting warships left immediately to rejoin Yorktown and her escorts, which departed at 16:01, and TF17 retired to the southwest. Seaplanes from Deboyne assisted Takagi in searching for TF17 on the morning of 10 May. TF 11, commanded by Rear Admiral Aubrey Fitch and consisting of the carrier Lexington with two cruisers and five destroyers, was between Fiji and New Caledonia. Who was the Battle between? The Japanese found the American fleet at 1118. The two forces were about 210nmi (240mi; 390km) apart. In the meantime, Halsey's TF16 reached the South Pacific near Efate and, on 13 May, headed north to contest the Japanese approach to Nauru and Ocean Island. Unbeknownst to the two adversaries, their carriers were only 70nmi (130km) away from each other by 20:00 that night. During recovery operations, for various reasons the U.S. lost an additional five SBDs, two TBDs, and a Wildcat, and the Japanese lost two Zeros, five dive bombers, and one torpedo plane. [92], Both sides publicly claimed victory after the battle. Yorktown also absorbed both Japanese aerial counterattacks at Midway which otherwise would have been directed at Enterprise and Hornet. Neosho was hit by seven bombs. The invasion convoy, Got, and Kajioka steered towards a rendezvous point 40nmi (46mi; 74km) east of Woodlark Island to await the outcome of the carrier battle. The atolls of Tuvalu acted as a staging post during the preparation for the Battle of Tarawa and the Battle of Makin that commenced on 20 November 1943, which was the implementation of Operation Galvanic. Singapore had surrendered, and Bataan fell. The experienced Japanese carrier aircrews performed better than those of the U.S., achieving greater results with an equivalent number of aircraft. Critically low on fuel, Takagi's warships spent most of 9 May refueling from the fleet oiler Th Maru. On 13 April, the British deciphered an IJN message informing Inoue that the Fifth Carrier Division, consisting of the fleet carriers Shkaku and Zuikaku, was en route to his command from Formosa via the main IJN base at Truk. [19] The Allied garrison at Port Moresby numbered around 5,333 men, but only half of these were infantry and all were badly equipped and undertrained. Lieutenant Commander Shigekazu Shimazaki, commanding the Japanese torpedo planes, sent 14 to attack Lexington and four to attack Yorktown. answer choices Australia and Japan America and Japanese Imperial forces Japan and Germany Question 3 30 seconds Q. what was Americas Carrier dive - bomber answer choices SBD 4WD D32 Jeep Question 4 ships. At 11:15, the torpedo bombers and fighters abandoned the mission and headed back towards the carriers with their ordnance, while the 36 dive bombers attacked the two U.S. Signed Bob. In the words of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) Combined Fleet's "Secret Order Number One", dated 1 November 1941, the goals of the initial Japanese campaigns in the impending war were to "[eject] British and American strength from the Netherlands Indies and the Philippines, [and] to establish a policy of autonomous self-sufficiency and economic independence. The Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942 was no exception. Although Got's force included the light carrier Shh, Nielsen thought that he saw two cruisers and four destroyers and thus the main fleet. [63], In the meantime, at 15:18 and 17:18 Neosho was able to radio TF17 she was drifting northwest in a sinking condition. [96], The results of the battle had a substantial effect on the strategic planning of both sides. Yorktown reached Pearl the following day. Undetected, gasoline vapors spread into surrounding compartments. Takagi detached his two carriers with two destroyers under Hara's command to head towards TF17 at 20kn (23mph; 37km/h) in order to be in position to attack at first light the next day while the rest of his ships completed refueling. Kanno's and Takahashi's aircraft were shot down, killing both of them. Inoue did not cancel the recall of the invasion convoy, but ordered Takagi and Got to pursue the remaining Allied warship forces in the Coral Sea. [89][90], On 10 May, Operation RY commenced. . The U.S. aircraft carriers had slightly larger aircraft complements than the Japanese carriers, which, when combined with the land-based aircraft at Midway, the availability of Yorktown, and the loss of two Japanese carriers, meant that the Japanese Navy and the U.S. Navy would have near parity in aircraft for the impending battle. Fletcher elected to take TF17 northwest towards the Louisiades and ordered TF11 to meet TF 44, which was en route from Sydney and Nouma, on 4 May once refueling was complete. During the battle, the U.S. Navy would achieve a decisive victory over the Imperial Japanese Navy resulting in irreparable damage to the Japanese Navy. 46: Coral Sea Battle, 78 May 1942, Battle of Eastern Solomons (Interrogations of: Commander Sekino, H., and Commander Okumiya, Masatake, IJN), Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea&oldid=1137296243, Naval battles of World War II involving Japan, Naval battles of World War II involving the United States, Naval battles of World War II involving Australia, World War II aerial operations and battles of the Pacific theatre, Military history of Japan during World War II, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. By committing crucial assets to MO, Yamamoto made the more important Midway operation dependent on the secondary operation's success. Takahashi's bombers damaged Lexington with two bomb hits and several near misses, causing fires which were contained by 12:33. In early May 1942, the Japanese despatched an invasion fleet from Rabaul to take Port Moresby, Papua. The second torpedo ruptured the port water main, reducing water pressure to the three forward firerooms and forcing the associated boilers to be shut down. The battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942 was the first naval battle in history fought? Of these, three more Zeros, four dive bombers and five torpedo planes were judged damaged beyond repair and were immediately jettisoned into the sea. The Battle of the Coral Sea in 1942 A. saw the Americans take the offensive for the first time. The Battle of the Coral Sea ushered a new era in sea warfare. Crace's ships were low on fuel, and as Fletcher was maintaining radio silence (and had not informed him in advance), Crace had no idea of Fletcher's location, status, or intentions. The Battle of Coral Sea: A Retrospective Often overshadowed by the Battle of Midway, the hard-fought carrier naval battle in May 1942 in the waters of the Coral Sea north of Australia marked the end of the phase of Japanese triumphs in the Pacific War and proved to be of strategic significance. Battle of France, (May 10-June 25, 1940), during World War II, the German invasion of the Low Countries and France. [43], Believing Takagi's carrier force was somewhere north of him, in the vicinity of the Louisiades, beginning at 06:19, Fletcher directed Yorktown to send 10 Douglas SBD Dauntless dive bombers as scouts to search that area. Japan's cadre of highly skilled carrier aircrews with which it began the war were, in effect, irreplaceable because of an institutionalised limitation in its training programs and the absence of a pool of experienced reserves or advanced training programs for new airmen. America reacts and fights back At 11:00, Yorktown's air group attacked the burning and now almost stationary carrier, scoring with up to 11 more 1,000lb (450kg) bombs and at least two torpedoes. Thus, Fletcher decided to hold off on another strike this day and remain concealed under the thick overcast with fighters ready in defense. Three U.S. aircraft were lost in the attack: two SBDs from Lexington and one from Yorktown. [74], At 10:55, Lexington's CXAM-1 radar detected the inbound Japanese aircraft at a range of 68nmi (78mi; 126km) and vectored nine Wildcats to intercept. Another submarine, I-21, which was sent to scout around Nouma, was attacked by Yorktown aircraft on 2 May. Unknown to Fletcher, TF11 completed refueling that morning ahead of schedule and was only 60nmi (69mi; 110km) east of TF17, but was unable to communicate its status because of Fletcher's orders to maintain radio silence. For the film, see. The U.S. sank the Japanese light carrier Shh, and the Japanese sank a U.S. destroyer and damaged the fleet oiler Neosho. In May 1942, the United States Navy thwarted a Japanese attack against Australia in the Battle of the Coral Sea. En route to Truk the submarine I-28 was torpedoed on 17 May by the U.S. submarine Tautog and sank with all hands. Takagi's staff assumed the aircraft was shadowing Fletcher's carriers and determined if the Allied ships held that course, they would be within striking range shortly before nightfall. Once in the Coral Sea, the carriers were to provide air cover for the invasion forces, eliminate Allied air power at Port Moresby, and intercept and destroy any Allied naval forces which entered the Coral Sea in response. Taking place in the Pacific Theatre of World War II, the battle is historically significant as the first naval action in which the opposing fleets neither sighted nor fired upon one another, attacking over the horizon with aircraft carriers instead. July 4, 2022 the battle of the coral sea in 1942 quizletdispensary manager job descriptiondispensary manager job description The Battle of the Coral Sea, from 4 to 8 May 1942, was a major naval battle between the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and naval and air forces of the United States and Australia. [10], Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, commander of the Combined Fleet, was concurrently planning an operation for June that he hoped would lure the U.S. Navy's carriers, none of which had been damaged in the Pearl Harbor attack, into a decisive showdown in the central Pacific near Midway Atoll. The ships, proceeding at 8kn (9.2mph; 15km/h), planned to transit the Jomard Channel in the Louisiades to pass around the southern tip of New Guinea to arrive at Port Moresby by 10 May. It was the first pure carrier-versus-carrier battle in history as neither surface fleet sighted the other. Instead, manned aircraft acted as the offensive artillery for the ships involved. Takagi was worried about his ships' fuel levels; his cruisers were at 50% and some of his destroyers were as low as 20%. At this time, Fletcher sent Crace's cruiser force, now designated Task Group 17.3 (TG17.3), to block the Jomard Passage. A separate Cover Force (sometimes referred to as the Support Group), commanded by Rear Admiral Kuninori Marumo and consisting of two light cruisers, the seaplane tender Kamikawa Maru and three gunboats, joined the Covering Group in providing distant protection for the Tulagi invasion. The skies over the U.S. carriers were mostly clear, with 17nmi (20mi; 31km) visibility. a 1942-1943 battle of World War II, in which German forces were defeated in their attempt to capture an industrial port city on the Volga River in the Soviet Union; one of the most deadly battles of wwii; crushing defeat for Germany significance of the Battle of Stalingrad [60], To try to confirm the location of the U.S. carriers, at 15:15 Hara sent a flight of eight torpedo bombers as scouts to sweep 200nmi (230mi; 370km) westward. One of the dive bombers, hit by anti-aircraft fire, crashed into the oiler. At 10:15 on 15 May, a Kawanishi reconnaissance aircraft from Tulagi sighted TF16 445nmi (512mi; 824km) east of the Solomons. Although Zuikaku was undamaged, she had lost a large number of aircraft in the battle, and the Japanese apparently did not even consider trying to include Zuikaku in the forthcoming operation. [59], Shortly after 15:00, Zuikaku monitored a message from a Deboyne-based reconnaissance aircraft reporting (incorrectly) Crace's force altered course to 120 true (southeast). The first group included 12 torpedo-armed G4M bombers and the second group comprised 19 Mitsubishi G3M land attack aircraft armed with bombs. Nielsen, making an error in his coded message, reported the sighting as "two carriers and four heavy cruisers" at 103S 15227E / 10.050S 152.450E / -10.050; 152.450, 225nmi (259mi; 417km) northwest of TF17. Another Shkaku scout aircraft quickly confirmed the sighting. Both sides raced to launch their strike aircraft. WWII carrier-versus-carrier engagements between American and Japanese naval forces: This page was last edited on 3 February 2023, at 22:09. Both the U.S. and Japanese carrier warship forces turned to head directly for each other's location at high speed in order to shorten the distance their aircraft would have to fly on their return legs. Operating from this base the Japanese would threaten the shipping supply routes to Australia. It then give an extremely short summary of the Battle of Coral Sea and then explains the U.S. victory at Midway, six months after Pearl Harbor. The 19 Shkaku dive bombers, under Takahashi, lined up on Lexington while the remaining 14, directed by Tamotsu Ema, targeted Yorktown. At 07:00, the carrier striking force turned to the southwest and was joined by two of Got's cruisers, Kinugasa and Furutaka, for additional screening support. Inoue was especially worried about Allied bombers stationed at air bases in Townsville and Cooktown, Australia, beyond the range of his own bombers, based at Rabaul and Lae. Fletcher concluded that by the time his scout aircraft found the remaining carriers it would be too late in the day to mount a strike. At 10:12, Fletcher received a report of an aircraft carrier, ten transports, and 16 warships 30nmi (35mi; 56km) south of Nielsen's sighting at 1035S 15236E / 10.583S 152.600E / -10.583; 152.600. [84], Aboard Lexington, damage control parties put out the fires and restored her to operational condition, but at 12:47, sparks from unattended electric motors ignited gasoline fumes near the ship's central control station. [65], Both sides expected to find each other early the next day, and spent the night preparing their strike aircraft for the anticipated battle as their exhausted aircrews attempted to get a few hours' sleep. Abe's ships departed Rabaul for the 840nmi (970mi; 1,560km) trip to Port Moresby on 4 May and were joined by Kajioka's force the next day. In the meantime, having heard nothing from Fletcher, Crace deduced that TF17 had departed the area. At 14:22, Fitch notified Fletcher that he had reports of two undamaged Japanese carriers and that this was supported by radio intercepts. Dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan surrendered in August 1945 because the United States? [47] Takagi and Hara considered that the conflicting reports might mean that the U.S. carrier forces were operating in two separate groups. [34], A message from Pearl Harbor notified Fletcher that radio intelligence deduced the Japanese planned to land their troops at Port Moresby on 10 May and their fleet carriers would likely be operating close to the invasion convoy. The Japanese admirals involved were often slow to communicate important information to one another.[113]. answer choices 8 May 1942. [12], In March 1942, the U.S. first noticed mention of the MO operation in intercepted messages. What did the Japanese want, in order to install a blockade. [80], As the Japanese aircraft completed their attacks and began to withdraw, believing that they inflicted fatal damage to both carriers, they ran a gauntlet of CAP Wildcats and SBDs. The Allies regarded Port Moresby as a key base for a planned counteroffensive, under General Douglas MacArthur, against Japanese forces in the South West Pacific area. "[7], To support these goals, during the first few months of 1942, besides Malaya, Japanese forces attacked and successfully took control of the Philippines, Singapore, the Dutch East Indies, Wake Island, New Britain, the Gilbert Islands and Guam, inflicting heavy losses on opposing Allied land, naval and air forces. Spring 1942: Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, America was reeling under the successive Japanese victories at Singapore, Hong Kong, the Philippines and more. In May of 1942, the Japanese fleet moved on Port Moresby, the last . Each side readied the rest of its carrier attack aircraft to launch immediately once the enemy was located. The plan called for Port Moresby to be invaded from the sea and secured by 10 May. B. saw the United States forced to withdraw its naval forces. [68], At 06:35, TF17 operating under Fitch's tactical control and positioned 180nmi (210mi; 330km) southeast of the Louisiades, launched 18 SBDs to conduct a 360 search out to 200nmi (230mi; 370km). Allied forces had been experiencing. The photograph was taken from from a TBD-1 torpedo plane that has just taken off from its deck. During the Battle of Coral Sea, what happened on May 7th, 1942? [114] Two studies used mathematical models to estimate the impact of various alternatives. Research has examined how commanders choices affected the battles outcome. "[54], The U.S. aircraft returned and landed on their carriers by 13:38. The Battle of Midway occurred between June 4thand June 7th, 1942 approximately six months after the surprise attack by the Japanese on Pearl Harborand only one month after the Battle of Coral Sea. At the same time, their invasion fleet, protected by . On 8 May 1942, during the Battle of the Coral Sea, the main carrier forces located one another and launched maximum-effort raids, which passed each other in the air. Vocabulary. No effort appears to have been made to combine the surviving Shkaku aircrews with Zuikaku's air groups or to quickly provide Zuikaku with replacement aircraft. Cast [53], Attacking first, Lexington's air group, led by Commander William B. Ault, hit Shh with two 1,000lb (450kg) bombs and five torpedoes, causing severe damage. 1 smaller warship damaged, 1 transport damaged, 69 - 97 aircraft destroyed . The failure of the Japanese to take Port Moresby, and their defeat at Midway, had the effect of dangling their base at Tulagi and Guadalcanal without effective protection from other Japanese bases. Furthermore, Fletcher's ships were under a large, low-hanging overcast which Takagi and Hara felt would make it difficult for their aircraft to find the U.S. carriers. [50], At 09:15, Takahashi's strike force reached its target area, sighted Neosho and Sims, and searched in vain for the U.S. carriers for a couple of hours. The Yorktown torpedo planes missed with all of their ordnance. Shima's invasion force departed Rabaul on 30 April. More significantly, the news informed Fletcher his only nearby available fuel supply was gone. 8, USSBS No. Shkaku herself was unable to conduct further aircraft operations, with her flight deck heavily damaged, and she required almost three months of repair in Japan.[99]. Thus, both carriers would be unable to participate in Yamamoto's upcoming Midway operation. Yorktown's group consisted of six fighters, 24 dive bombers, and nine torpedo planes and was on its way by 09:15. [55], Apprised of the loss of Shh, Inoue ordered the invasion convoy to temporarily withdraw to the north and ordered Takagi, at this time located 225nmi (259mi; 417km) east of TF17, to destroy the U.S. carrier forces. The next day, both fleets launched airstrikes against what they thought was the enemy fleet carriers, but both sides actually attacked other targets. At Midway, aircraft flying from Yorktown played crucial roles in the American victory. Several Japanese aircraft carriers . The five I-class submarines supporting the MO operation were retasked to support an attack on Sydney Harbour three weeks later as part of a campaign to disrupt Allied supply lines. [116], The U.S. did not perform as expected, but it learned from its mistakes in the battle and made improvements to its carrier tactics and equipment, including fighter tactics, strike coordination, torpedo bombers and defensive strategies, such as anti-aircraft artillery, which contributed to better results in later battles. It marked the first. The four torpedo planes which attacked Yorktown all missed. Two dive bombers attacked Shkaku, hitting the carrier with one 1,000lb (450kg) bomb, causing further damage. [18], The Japanese Port Moresby Invasion Force, commanded by Rear Admiral Ks Abe, included 11 transport ships carrying about 5,000 soldiers from the IJA's South Seas Detachment plus approximately 500 troops from the 3rd Kure Special Naval Landing Force (SNLF). Midway Island is a fairly isolated atoll, so named because it is midway between North America and Asia in the North . Zuikaku and her escorts turned towards Rabaul while Shkaku headed for Japan. [28] Fletcher immediately detached TF11 to refuel from the oiler Tippecanoe, while TF17 refueled from Neosho. In return, escorting Zeros shot down four Yorktown SBDs. Fletcher was concerned that the locations of the rest of the Japanese fleet carriers were still unknown. Japanese expansion in World War II [101], Historians H. P. Willmott, Jonathan Parshall, and Anthony Tully believe Yamamoto made a significant strategic error in his decision to support Operation MO with strategic assets. Following the loss of Lexington, improved methods for containing aviation fuel and better damage control procedures were implemented by the U.S.[117] Coordination between the Allied land-based air forces and the U.S. Navy was poor during this battle, but this too would improve over time. [79], The 33 Japanese dive bombers circled to attack from upwind, and thus did not begin their dives from 14,000ft (4,300m) until three to four minutes after the torpedo planes began their attacks. Two minutes later, a Shkaku search plane commanded by Kenz Kanno sighted TF17 and notified Hara. The modeling suggested striking first would have provided a decisive advantage, even more beneficial than having an extra carrier.

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